Reply to the forum about rude behavior in the Society Essay

Rudeness is very much prevalent in every aspect of the society. Illiterate people and even those professionals and students are infected by the behavior of rudeness. Often times, rudeness is tolerated that is why instead of eradicating it, situations linked to it only get worse. It is slowly becoming a trend but of course, not all trends are good and should be followed. The factors that were given in the post do influence the spread of rudeness. These factors from the environment weaken the foundation of a person’s good character. Aside from the elements of a busy and secluded lifestyle and broken families, more factors that trigger rudeness include the media, technology and lack of moral obligation. The media takes part on catering thoughts of rudeness to the societies. A celebrity who has bad behavior and got away with it is one illustration that rudeness can be considered as a so-so action. Thus, there is lack of moral obligation in every wrong action that was done. The technology provides materials of rudeness through videos or simple pranks on a television show. Lack of moral obligation is also related to an environment of a broken family. If there is no discipline at home, the child or the teenager can adopt the same behavior when he is at school. For example, if the child is impatient, he cannot wait in line when at the school canteen. Hence, he will show behavior of irritability and may go in front of the line instead of waiting for his turn. Slight rudeness can be treated as poor etiquette. Still, it is classified under the category of rudeness. Instances of poor etiquettes will surely develop into rudeness. On the other hand, there is the question on whether rudeness is dependent on how the person handles its influences. A person can be exposed to negative influences but can still manage to have a good behavior. In order to do that, he must have a strong core of values that can help him ward off the factors of rudeness. As for someone who is already rude, there is always the possibility that he will learn his lessons, probably the hard way to realize that rudeness is not acceptable in the society. References: DBSR. (2009, December 10). Why Have We Evolved Into Such a Rude Society?. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://dontbesorude. com/2009/12/why-have-we-evolved-into-such-a- rude- society/

Literacy in an Ever-Changing World Essay

Being literate, as defined in Webster’s New World Dictionary, is â€Å"the ability to read and write† or â€Å"to be educated†. By my own definition, literacy is the ability to read, write, and verbally communicate, while also comprehending those writings, verses, or phrases. However, literacy is not only reading and writing. In order for one to be considered literate in today’s society, that person must possess the skill of remembering and understanding what was just said or read. Our American culture demands literacy everyday, from being able to read street signs and signals, to understanding contracts and important forms. One is no longer considered literate in American culture if they are only able to read and write what applies to their personal life. We must now be educated in cultural literacy, computer and technology literacy, and academic literacy. To function and be successful in today’s ever-changing society, the average person must rise above the basic meaning of literacy and advance in their understanding of new technology, language, and speech. Most would agree that the skill of becoming literate begins at a very young age, from repeating the Alphabet after a teacher, to learning and remembering the names of animals, to simple word pronunciation. Even in Fishman’s essay â€Å"Becoming Literate: A Lesson From the Amish†, it is evident that children very young were reading and writing. We, as a society, place very high standards and expectations on children, and for that matter, teenagers and adults as well. All are forced to be â€Å"up to date† in the current vernacular and writings, and their ability to read, write and understand. Experiences with becoming literate may differ from person to person depending on their family, background, and beliefs. Someone with an Amish background for example, may have memories of repeating bible verses or book phrases after an adult reads them aloud. For me personally, the experiences have always been positive. I often remember sitting in the family room on my Grandfather’s lap while he assisted me in reading simple children’s books. Another fond memory is one of doing crossword puzzles and word-finds. When I was learning to read, phonics and â€Å"sounding out† words was the craze. We were taught in school to break the words apart and attempt to decipher them one or two letters at a time. Vowels and consonants, the sounds of long and short letters and pronunciation were all reinforced over and over. Learning to read, write, and understand all give an overall sense of accomplishment; both to me as a child, and even still today when I learn a new word or read a different book. The process of becoming literate, I believe, is a lifelong journey. As technology and times evolve and change, our degree of literacy must also so everyone will be informed of the advancements. Overall, looking back on childhood and even into my college years, memories involving the challenge of becoming literate have been positive experiences, as can be my future endeavors in literacy. In our current society, literacy, in all aspects of the word is imperative. In order for someone to find their â€Å"place† or where they fit in the social ladder, their level of literacy must show. Many teenagers have certain ways of writing and speaking. If one desires to be a part of that particular social group, they must learn to speak and understand the language used, as well as to verbally and non-verbally communicate their ideas and thoughts to others successfully. On many occasions, one must rely on their literary background to find their place and social group. To be literate does not always mean to use the â€Å"proper† words. For example, when attempting to fit into a social group, a person must learn and understand when to use that group’s way of speaking. â€Å"Slang† may be used in letters and language. Words may not always mean the same thing to different people either. One person may interpret the word â€Å"bad† as describing only a behavior, while to another person the word may bring about the idea of schoolwork. Understanding how and when a particular group uses certain words shows the ability to fit in. Finding your place also refers to fitting in with your workplace. Certain language, which is acceptable out of work, is not acceptable while you are on the job. Relying on your personal literacy is definitely a big part of finding your place and where you fit in society. For someone to honestly believe that reading and writing are of no real importance, going through life successfully would be very difficult. The ability to read and write are in fact, of great importance in everyday life. Everything from walking down the street and reading street signs, to signing and understanding contracts, even being able to secure an ideal job require literacy. In this day and age, literacy is a necessity if one wants a shot at any normalcy in life. Obviously, being able to read and write for leisure and entertainment is good thing, but to think that that’s all it’s good for is ridiculous. For example, if a man wants to get his driver’s license and purchase a car, he must read and understand the driving manual, be able to read the test questions, and interpret the street signs on the road. Not to mention all of the paperwork and signatures that come along with buying a vehicle. The positive aspects of literacy make themselves quite evident when looking for and applying for a job, and meeting certain pre-employment criteria. Literacy should be of utmost importance to everyone, and aside from being useful for entertainment and leisure purposes; it is imperative to become successful in life. Fifty years ago, a person may have been able to get by on what they had learned in terms of reading and writing, during their high school years. However, times have changed, and technology continues to evolve. Literacy in areas such as technology, academics, and culture are more important now than ever before, and will continue to gain importance as the days go by. To be literate helps in many aspects and gives people a clear advantage in the job market and life in general. The ability to not only read and write, but to really understand our ever-changing world will forever be a free ticket to the American dream.

Lockheed Martin Exercise Essay

Question 1: The Lockheed Martin website gives the impression that this company strives to make ethics a top priority among its employees. Lockheed has successfully integrated marketing ethics throughout its corporate culture by instituting mandatory ethics training sessions. The company requires that employees make every effort to attend in-person training; however Lockheed makes online training available to those who are unable to attend to live training. This ensures that each and every employee has the opportunity to attend the ethics training session. In addition to having training sessions and requiring employees to acknowledge their completion of the course, Lockheed also has a clearly defined code of conduct, and the company expressly states its vision and values. The message of â€Å"doing what’s right,† respecting others, and doing the very best job possible are often repeated on the corporate website. The website also lists numerous additional links and resources for employees’ use. Question 2: The current ethical minute series does seem like it would be effective in establishing an ethical culture because the videos present realistic scenarios. First, the videos describe the ethical issue along with potential consequences. Next, the characters experience a conflict in the workplace, and they must decide whether they should follow the company’s procedure and possibly face negative consequences, or simply let the incident go unreported. The video shows the characters as they go through a thought process that is very similar to the way a real Lockheed employee might react. Overall, the video series appears to be effective because it presents ethical issues to employees in a way that is informative, entertaining, and the many employees will likely understand and relate to the message that is being delivered. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Question 1: R. J Reynolds must make many considerations when formulating a marketing strategy. The company’s website indicates that the information that has been released on health risks related to tobacco use is a large concern. The website seems to reflect that the company feels obligated to state that individuals who have ceased using tobacco and those who have never started should avoid tobacco products. There is also a statement that minors should not use tobacco under any circumstances (including exposure to secondhand smoke) and that tobacco is harmful and no tobacco product has been deemed safe. The company also states that individuals should rely on statements by the Surgeon General and the CDC when making decisions about tobacco use. These statements reflect pressure from governmental agencies and outside groups to inform the public about the serious health risks that are associated with tobacco. The company also mentions that tobacco use should be allowed in adult venues. This indicates that the company feels that recent trends in smoking regulation are unfair and far too strict and are counterproductive to the business interests of tobacco companies. Question 2: R. J. Reynolds Company has used the negative impact that increased health concerns have had on the company to portray itself as a morally and socially responsible. Not only does the website convey information about health risks, but the company also uses changes in smoking regulation laws as a basis to encourage political activism, as stated on the Smoker’s Rights page. The media page also shows that the company has made large donations to community causes. These actions serve to portray the tobacco company as socially responsible and positive, though the company sells a product that has a negative impact on health and has consequently come under fire as a result.

Closing case #1 wireless bikes Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Closing #1 wireless bikes - Case Study Example Therefore, technology is able to get right resources to the right place and at the right time (Baltzan, 2014). Hence, the company can comfortably operate in a free environment without being tied to physical location. Providing immediate data Access provides value when mobility permits activities to be conducted at where required. Wireless networks are capable of supporting a broad variety of immediate data access alternatives, from collecting usage data through RFID technologies when driving near a water meter to including complete internet access on mobile device or laptop. The company is able to get a status report as well as other important information on the transaction of the bike. Increasing monitoring and location capability helps in minimizing losses from damage and theft, gathers information from difficulty-to-reach or remote locations, enhances safety as well as makes probable a new wave of customized services. The RFID tags allow the tracking of the bikes from booking to using and returning the bike. LBS devices send storm information from the bike and help in locating it when there is a problem. Improving workflows involves using wireless technology, provides the opportunity for redesigning as well as simplifying those processes for being cheaper, faster, and more responsive. This also helps in eradicating redundant activities, redistribute tasks, and integrate activities and services. The company gets original data as the transactions with bike users go on. Both the user and the company interact freely as well as faster. Providing mobile business opportunities involves offering an advantage of making a purchase through the internet from anywhere, and anytime. In addition, wireless system offers consumers with the capacity to get information as well as order commodities and services faster and with ease employing a mobile device. Providing alternative to wiring occurs as

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example Portability is regarded as a key facet of mobile computing (International Association of Medical Science Educators, n.d.). This paper intends to provide a discussion about mobile computing. The discussion comprises recognizing the significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities and related threats associated with mobile computing for the users. The other aim of the study would be to describe the procedures and policies that can effectively facilitate to manage the level of associated risk. The affect on customer satisfaction due to the implementation of policies and procedures would also be evaluated. Significant Cyber Security Vulnerability and Aassociated Threats in Mobile Computing From the previous two eras the status and significance of laptops and notebooks have been increasing day-by-day. The sales of laptops, notebooks, tablet computer, smartphone, and personal digital assistants have increased in different countries as compared to the sales of desktops, which are going down increa singly because these devices provide the users an option of portability. The mobile computers such as tablet computer provide better facilities for storing the data in abundance than the desktops along with providing an option of portability. However, with the numerous benefits associated with mobile computing devices there raises certain critical vulnerabilities that require to be addressed. Mobile computing vulnerabilities can be classified into three major categories which are physical vulnerability, system vulnerability and network access vulnerability. A description of these vulnerabilities has been provided below: Physical Vulnerability Tablet computer, smartphones and notebooks among others are mobile devices which are taken by professionals and also different individuals when they are travelling or are used them at home. These devices or products can be lost or stolen anywhere. Physical vulnerability is associated with lots of discrepancies such as the loss of information an d data which are important and the loss of hardware is also a vital element resulting in vulnerability. When laptops are kept open as well as unattended, physical vulnerability can occur as different relevant data becomes exposed to threat and network access can be done by others using the device. Thus, it is important for the system administrators to make the users aware of this mobile computing threat and to observe that the information which a user is receiving are kept safely without being exposed to others and the rooms should be locked when the users are not in touch with their belongings (Asllani & Ali, 2011). System Vulnerability Laptop or mobile computing systems are vulnerable like any other computing system in an organization. A review has been made recently on the vulnerability and it is recognized that the vulnerabilities can occur when the security patches and updates are missing, when the patches become obsolete or applied in a wrong way, the

The importance of scientific research (Quantitative Methods) Essay

The importance of scientific research (Quantitative Methods) - Essay Example Fabrication occurs whÐ µn sciÐ µntific rÐ µsÐ µarch is not Ð µmpirically groundÐ µd, and thÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarch writÐ µr or sciÐ µntists tampÐ µr with Ð µvidÐ µncÐ µ, procÐ µdurÐ µs, or rÐ µsults in a way that Ð µithÐ µr provÐ µs or disprovÐ µs thÐ µir hypothÐ µsis artificially. FabricatÐ µd rÐ µsults, for Ð µxamplÐ µ, may Ð µxaggÐ µratÐ µ or changÐ µ cÐ µrtain variablÐ µs, just to support thÐ µ Ð µnd rÐ µsult as a form of rÐ µsÐ µarchÐ µr bias which is prÐ µdÐ µtÐ µrminÐ µd ahÐ µad of timÐ µ. Through history, pÐ µoplÐ µ havÐ µ triÐ µd to cut down on fabricatÐ µd rÐ µsÐ µarch. ThÐ µ sciÐ µntific mÐ µthod has bÐ µcomÐ µ morÐ µ and morÐ µ rigorous to cut out on Ð µxtranÐ µous rÐ µsÐ µarch. Original rÐ µsÐ µarch usÐ µs quantitativÐ µ or qualitativÐ µ mÐ µthods. OftÐ µn, thÐ µ population thÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarch wants to draw conclusions about may bÐ µ a fairly standard population in tÐ µrms of incomÐ µ, Ð µtc., but bas ic dÐ µmographic information will bÐ µ rÐ µquirÐ µd. SincÐ µ sÐ µlf rÐ µport may bÐ µ bÐ µing usÐ µd, Ð µthical problÐ µms sÐ µÃ µm to bÐ µ limitÐ µd. HowÐ µvÐ µr, original rÐ µsÐ µarch oftÐ µn brings inhÐ µrÐ µnt limitations to a mÐ µthodology. ... sciÐ µntific mÐ µrit in quantitativÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarch?   OvÐ µrall thÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ many diffÐ µrÐ µnt facÐ µts of mÐ µthodology that can bÐ µ appliÐ µd to an Ð µxpÐ µrimÐ µntal dÐ µsign. This is a gÐ µnÐ µralization that can bÐ µ madÐ µ about thÐ µsÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µnt typÐ µs of dÐ µsigns, which havÐ µ thÐ µir rÐ µspÐ µctivÐ µ advantagÐ µs and disadvantagÐ µs. SurvÐ µys and Ð µxpÐ µrimÐ µnts arÐ µ Ð µxamplÐ µs of fixÐ µd rÐ µsÐ µarch dÐ µsigns, which arÐ µ morÐ µ quantitativÐ µ than qualitativÐ µ and havÐ µ morÐ µ aspÐ µcts of this typÐ µ of thÐ µory. QuantitativÐ µ studiÐ µs such as thÐ µ onÐ µ outlinÐ µd in thÐ µ currÐ µnt rÐ µport’s mÐ µthodology tÐ µnd to rÐ µly on hard data and statistics that can providÐ µ gÐ µnÐ µralizablÐ µ rÐ µsults about a population, whÐ µrÐ µas qualitativÐ µ studiÐ µs could bÐ µ morÐ µ of a casÐ µ Ð µxamplÐ µ or subjÐ µctivÐ µ viÐ µwpoint. As thÐ µ Ð µxtant litÐ µr aturÐ µ statÐ µs about thÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µ bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn fixÐ µd and flÐ µxiblÐ µ dÐ µsigns, â€Å"FlÐ µxiblÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarch dÐ µsigns arÐ µ much morÐ µ difficult to pin down than fixÐ µd dÐ µsigns. This is in part bÐ µcausÐ µ it is only in rÐ µcÐ µnt yÐ µars that rÐ µsÐ µarchÐ µrs havÐ µ givÐ µn considÐ µration to thÐ µ dÐ µsign issuÐ µs which thÐ µy raisÐ µ. PrÐ µviously thÐ µrÐ µ had bÐ µÃ µn a tradition in thÐ µ disciplinÐ µs of social anthropology of an apprÐ µnticÐ µship modÐ µl† (Robson, 2003). If qualitativÐ µ dÐ µsign havÐ µ lÐ µss history bÐ µhind thÐ µm in thÐ µ litÐ µraturÐ µ on thÐ µ subjÐ µct it might bÐ µ an indication that thÐ µy arÐ µ not nÐ µcÐ µssarily as Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ. ThÐ µn again, this could just bÐ µ thÐ µ rÐ µsult of a dÐ µarth of intÐ µrÐ µst in rÐ µsÐ µarchÐ µrs rÐ µgarding this subjÐ µct, or could bÐ µ a projÐ µction of thÐ µ individual authors. GÐ µnÐ µrally fl Ð µxiblÐ µ dÐ µsigns offÐ µr bÐ µnÐ µfits to rÐ µsÐ µarch that is willing to changÐ µ as nÐ µw variablÐ µs comÐ µ up throughout thÐ µ procÐ µss, whÐ µrÐ µas fixÐ µd or

The contemporary hospitality industry qcf 5 Assignment

The contemporary hospitality industry qcf 5 - Assignment Example In absence of an appropriate definition, hospitality has been defined differently by various authors, where the definitions range from philosophical to commercial perspective. Brotherton (1999) defined hospitality as: â€Å"A contemporaneous human exchange, which is voluntarily entered into, and designed to enhance the mutual well being of the parties concerned through the provision of accommodation, and/or food, and/or drink†. Lashley (2000), on the other hand, defined hospitality as a relationship between guests and hosts, which is neither platonic nor extremely economic in nature. Then again, O’Connor defined hospitality in terms of behaviour and experience. According to the author, consumers are hardly interested in buying service delivery, they rather purchase the experience associated. The quality of service defines memories of the experience and quality of overall event is related to the fact that consumers are buying an occasion. The hospitality industry is one of the major sectors within the service industry that include accommodation, event panning, theme parks, catering services, transportation and various aspects of tourism industry. The development of the hospitality industry is mainly dependent on disposable earnings of individuals and their leisure time (Hemmington, 2007). In this paper, major aspects of the hospitality industry will be discussed in a detailed manner highlighting on current scope, role and diversity in the same and organisational structure of various hospitality organisations. Recent studies by several organisations suggest that the hospitality industry is one of the largest and rapidly growing industries in the global business sector. According to a report, ‘Global hospitality insights’ by Ernst & Young (2014), investment in the hospitality industry has increased considerably in recent years, despite growing economic and political uncertainty in the business industry. The report suggest that among the various

Environmental Managent Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Managent - Annotated Bibliography Example mping them to the bottom of the ocean has been captured vividly on camera which provides proof of the project known as â€Å"The Next Stop Atlantic (Zolfagharifard, 2015).† The article discusses about different environmental management issue the first being recycling. Recycling is being encouraged in order to save the environment from harmful effects associated with wrongful disposal of the used products (Wehrmeyer, 2011). The other issue in discussion is that of prevention of pollution. Pollution and especially air pollution is known and documented to destroy the environment as well as the ozone layer (Uberoi, 2004). With the used subway cars being dumped in the floor of the ocean instead of burning them, then massive air pollution has been prevented. Lastly is the issue of saving aquatic life and providing them with a longer life span as well as a chance at reproduction. The ocean just like land is full of predatory animals and fish which hunt the fish species and eats them or live off eating their spawn once laid. There are not enough corals to hide all the aquatic life and hence the subway cars provide other artificial corals where the fish can hide and reproduce without danger (Hill & Gale, 2009). The project uses very minimal resources but the resultant environmental impact is very great and positively encouraged (Thomas, 2005). Literature on environmental management impact indicates that recycling is among one of the cheapest form of management. This is compared against the resources used to destroy the recycled materials (Ghosh, 2003). The increased campaign of this project not only in New York and US but the whole world in general should be encouraged. It is guaranteed to reduce the negative impact of pollution as well as ensure the used cars are properly disposed. According to Figueroa & De Chile (2008), environmental management is a very simple thing if only people start thinking outside the box. Once the human beings assist the marine life increase

To what extent China's historical period since 1978 still shape Essay

To what extent China's historical period since 1978 still shape China's contemporary society How has this been a constituting milestone to modern development or a hindering handicap - Essay Example The policies undertaken by Deng Xiaoping and the subsequent government were aimed at increasing the investments in the industrial sectors and meeting the demands of the people of the country. The political ideologies of the Communist governments changed since 1978. The historical period since 1978 in China has influenced the development of the contemporary societies. The policies of economic liberalization have stimulated the process of increasing demand in the company. This has increased the level of liquidity and has changed the lifestyle of the people of China. The contemporary societies and the lifestyles have been influenced by the economic reforms of the government since 1978. The policy reforms implemented by the Chinese governments have been a milestone for the modern development of China and its rapid growth in a short span of time. The differences between the economic reforms of China and Russia have also been discussed in this work. The socio-political and economic issues in China are wide ranged and varied and can be identified to be rooted from the vast cultural and political history of China, the different economic reforms implemented in China in the late 1970s and the immense population and its growth in China. China demonstrates a bubble economy and a weak social balance which are combined to make the country an unstable one where a number of social, political and economic issues prevail (Jing, 2001, p.4). China is mainly a communist state where the external environment related to conducting business in the country has several socio=political and economic issues. The environment for conducting business in the country is a challenging and complex environment. The political framework as well as the legal structure in China is highly unstable making it difficult for businesses to establish their operations there. The various economic reforms that have been implemented in the 1970s in China have caused increas ing

Exacavation Report Tel Dan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exacavation Report Tel Dan - Essay Example The first mention of Dan is in Genesis, 14:14, when Lot was taken captive by armed men, and so Abram chased them up to Dan, a city first called Laish or Leshem. Dan-Laish was founded in the fifth millennium BC. It was a prosperous city, with a sloping earth rampart and mud-brick triple-arched gate as defence, which allowed the inhabitants to feel safe and secure. Biran surmised that the formidable sloping earth rampart with a gate was the one Abraham saw when he reached the city2. So much has been said of the Tel Dan mysteries that in 1966 archaeologist Avraham Biran began digging the site for its secrets. Biran stressed biblical archaeology, with the two important disciplines, archaeological research and biblical studies, as the base for their excavations and efforts. These made a positive effect on their work3. An important discovery is the house of David inscription. This is a ninth century BCE victory statement in Aramaic language and inscribed on a basalt stone. The inscription is attributed to an Aramaic king Hazael of Damascus, who conquered the city of Dan around the 840s, decorated the inscription in a public place to indicate his power and sovereignty over the city. When the Israelites recaptured the city, they torn and broke down the inscription and reused it as construction material. Archaeologists led by Avraham Biran so far discovered three fragments of the inscriptions, which they found within the walls of the outer gate4. The inscription tells us that the Aramaic king killed the kings of Israel (Joram) and Judah (Ahaziah). But this is contrary to the texts in the 2nd Book of Kings, Chapter 9, where Jehu killed Joram, king of Israel, and Ahaziah, king of Judah. These are two interesting contradictions that need to be clarified, probably with the help of future finds at Tel Dan. The inscriptions were found in three fragments, all found in the same general area of Tel

Contemporary studies in physical education Essay Example for Free

Contemporary studies in physical education Essay There are many ways in which the sport of football is controlled and organised, a majority of the sport is monitored and controlled by governing bodies that distribute funds, organise competitions, present awards and ultimately promote the sport so that football can be accessible to everyone. One of the main football governing bodies is UEFA. The Union of European Football Associations governs football all over Europe and makes sure the rules that are formed by this organisation are enforced and abided by, as well as organising competitions and so on. Moreover, as I live in Wales I will talk about the Football Association of Wales or FAW. The FAW are more of a regional organisation that relay rules etc. from UEFA and make sure that there are competitions, and matches taking place all over Wales, as well as distributing limited funds to grass roots schemes and to various clubs in the region. The FAW are based in Cardiff, the capitol, of Wales, which is, in itself relevant as it means that it is easily located. Here are some details I obtained from UEFA.com: Personnel: Communications: President Address Desmond W. Shanklin. Plymouth Chambers, 3 Westgate General Secretary Street GB David George Collins. Cardiff CF10 1DP Head Coach Telephone Leslie Mark Hughes. +44 29 2037 2325 Press Officer Fax David George Collins. +44 29 2034 3961 As you can see there are quite a number of personnel working at the top of the FAW, these people make sure that everything goes as much to plan as possible and also make sure that there is some sort of authority associated with the sport. This governing body organises a lot of competitions around Wales resulting in leagues and league tables being formed, one such league is the Welsh Premier. There are many football clubs associated with this league ranging from Aberystwyth, Llanelli and Newtown, to Bangor, Caernarfon and Welshpool. All of these teams are entered into the Welsh Premier and compete against each other throughout the season all in the hope of winning and coming top of the table. The way to find out information on the Internet is to log on to www.uefa.com and then look out for the titles reading Welsh football Associations. Regional structure. Although UEFA are a huge organisation, they cannot control every single aspect of the game in all European countries, such as Wales. It is therefore essential that regional, intra-national organisations or governing bodies take as much control as possible and are aware of as much as possible in their area. Wales uses a pyramid system to organise its football events/competitions. The Welsh Premier is Wales national league and the only national competition and all leagues below it operate on a regional basis, the leagues become more localised the further down the pyramid you go. Governing bodies need to structure leagues into regional leagues so that they are more easily managed and are more organised. Like the British Premier League, many foreign countries have adopted segmented or divisional type football leagues. Wales uses this tiered league system to organise many competitions. The Welsh Premier is the top tier or first division and all those below this division are on lower tiers. The second tier consists of two leagues that each covers half of the country. The first represents South Wales and the second, central and North Wales. The champions of both these leagues are promoted to the League of Wales. However although this may sound quite simple, it gets much more complicated the further down the system you go. The similarity is that the teams that come top of the lower leagues are also eligible for promotion. As Ive said, the system gets a lot more mixed up and complex the further down the pyramid you go, with teams having less professional players, and a lower status. The lower less well known teams face a larger competition and less chance of getting promoted due to the larger number of teams. Coaching Awards. It is obvious that if a team succeeds in a particular league and win matches, then, as well as the skill and professionalism of the players being a contributor to their success, the coach of the team must be doing a good job as well. Many organisations present awards to coaches who are seen as successful and who are leading their club well. Without coaches, teams would stand little chance of playing as a team, keeping fit and developing skills, coaches maintain the levels of professionalism whatever the status of the club. Many coaches have to go through training to acquire qualifications in order to coach at the highest level and receive award after doing so. The FA present awards to qualified coaches after they complete training courses at different levels. One such award is the FA Level 1 which is a certificate in coaching football, the course can be taken by anyone over the age of 16 and is an intensive 20 hour course that involves the person dealing with practical coaching, child protection, emergency first aid, over use injuries, child development and growth spurts. Another coaching award is from the NGB or National Governing Body of football. People who have obtained qualifications through their NGB normally go to work shops to further their experience and become better at their job. When someone has obtained qualifications and coaching awards they can pursue a career in coaching their chosen sport and can apply their knowledge acquired through previous courses to coach at various levels. Once in a part time job a coach earn anything from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 an hour and full time jobs can pay from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20,000 per annum. Promotional/grass root schemes. It is essential for professional and semi-professional teams to be able to pick or select the next best players in order to maintain the reputation of the club and the skill levels required to reach the top of their league. Without grass root schemes young players would not be able to develop their skills or play enough to get recognised by larger clubs. Grass root schemes also make sure that young children are made aware of the benefits of football or any sport and are also taught rules, and the value of teamwork from a very young age. Sports such as football are huge and although the sport does benefit from promotional and grass root schemes, the sport does have a huge following, it is estimated that there are around 70,000 boys playing football for either schools or clubs between the age ranges of under 11 to under 16 and that over 500,000 play between the ages of 9-16. Grass roots football in the United Kingdom is the responsibility of the 43 county football associations that are affiliated with the FA and make sure everything is organised at a local level. Within the individual county associations there are technical directors that oversee the development of football players from their grass roots all the way up to the highest level of the game. There are centres all over the UK that the FA manages and that develop players at grass root levels. Promotional schemes arise all the time around the country and may take the form of celebrity appearances that may boost the turnout of the event and thus the chance of the sport appealing to more young children is increased. The ability to promote a sport such as football depends largely on the willingness of children to participate at grass roots levels and their eagerness to participate at higher levels. Ultimately the children need to have the drive or enthusiasm to take part at low levels of the sport and maintain that ambition so that they will achieve the highest possible level of success in the sport. In Wales, grass roots schemes such as Dragon Sports help to promote football and get more young children involved by using players that can be used as examples of what you can achieve if you persevere. Dragon Sports organise events where the children can turn up and spend the day being taught by professional players and obviously having fun. Regional and national competitions Throughout the country there are various leagues that I talked about previously in my work, these leagues area made up of various teams that compete for promotion to a higher, more competitive league. Regional competitions or matches, are held between more localised teams which compete to win matches in order to gain points and status within their league. If a team win a majority of their games within their own league and against localised opponents, of inter-county matches, they move on to play against the victors from other leagues in various other counties. Ultimately, the teams that are the best in each area of a country will move into a position where they have to play against each other in order to proceed to the next level. After all of the county matches have been played the victorious teams may be promoted into a larger more advanced league that caters for the best regional teams. Theses teams will then play against one another in a national league that offers bigger more prestigious rewards. The teams/clubs at this level are the cream of all the inter-county teams and all compete for national recognition. Doping control and testing. Over the years there have been numerous incidents where athletes have been tested for drugs and were found to have been abusing illegal, performance enhancing narcotics. It is now the norm for most athletes, including footballers, to be tested for doping and drugs that may affect their performance. There are many different ways in which drug testing can be performed, namely, urine samples, hair samples, perspiration and residues found on the athlete or on items of their possession. The urine sample involves the footballer giving a urine sample just before a game, which is tested for the existence of drugs or any evidence of doping. If the results come back positive then the footballer will be suspended and will not be allowed to play in the match or matches following the test until a governing body tells them they are allowed to play. Hair testing involves the footballer/athlete giving a sample of their hair, which, like the urine is tested for evidence of drugs, again, if the test shows that that person has drugs in their system, then appropriate action will be taken. The perspiration test involves the sweat of the athlete being analysed for the presence of any performance enhancing drugs. This is an effective way of doping control and testing, as there are not many ways in which you can avoid this sort of test, or any of the others for that matter. Residue testing involves the footballer giving an item of theirs to the drug analyst that may have residue from the footballers body on it, this could include a drinking flask, mug etc. that may have the persons saliva on it, or a towel that may have hair on it that could be analysed, i.e. anything that may have any residue on it that could be analysed in order to prove the existence of drugs or doping. Here is an example of how the FA intends to deal with the increase in drug abuse in football; The FA is conducting random drug testing of gifted footballers as young as nine years old. These unannounced spot-checks on 9-16 year olds is being carried out at 147 centres of excellence across England and Wales. However, what I find amazing is that each of these drug tests costs the FA à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½230, but I do think that it is necessary as the drug problems with youth football is escalating. Assessment of development and placement on the performance pyramid. There are five levels to the performance pyramid, these are: 1. Grass roots. Here, everyone is encouraged to take part in the sport and anyone can play it. At this level young children are the focal point as trying to get children involved and interested in a sport from a young age is essential if they are to develop into a potential professional player. This is the stage that many governing bodies and organisations are now becoming interested in in-order to develop players of the future. 2. The second stage is recreation. At this stage, players have developed an interest in the sport and are playing quite frequently. This is also the stage where the player will have developed their interest enough to join a club or team. 3. The third stage is sport. This stage involves the person playing at higher levels and their standards have risen to such a point that means that they have become competitive and driven to win. They will also be playing in some sort of league with aspirations of success. 4. If a football player reaches this level they have entered a stage of excellence. The player probably would have been selected for their talent as a player and will be provided with support so that they can train without much hassle etc. They would be sent to train at a centre of excellence where they will receive professional help from qualified coaches in order to play to the best of their ability. Furthermore, the player will probably be playing at county level with the best players in the area who were also selected for their talent. 5. The final level or stage is elitism. At this stage the player is playing at the highest level and has a desire for winning. Moreover, the chances are that the player is at a professional level and is getting paid to play for a particular team. This is the highest of levels that you can reach in any particular sport. Considering all of the stages I would place myself at stage three, sport. I play football at a competitive level and at quite a high standard. I would say that my interest for the sport has developed into one that I can play football at a level where I feel that winning is important but losing is an inevitable factor. With this in mind I can say that there is little chance of moving to the excellence stage and therefore the elitist stage, as I do have other interests and I do not see football as the only sport that I can play. I believe that I am at this level because I have been playing football since I was seven, and I have developed a love for the sport and can appreciate the effort that is put into playing for such a long period of time. Discussion of the effects on my progress. There are many ways in which I have been helped through my time playing football, there are also many ways in which without extra help, I would not have been able to progress. Without a football organisation such as the FA, there would be little order or organisation in the development of football, such as football clubs at grass root levels. I can also say that the funding that these organisations distribute to various clubs is essential for their survival and maintenance of most equipment and grounds etc. At grass roots level, there is emphasis placed on playing for the enjoyment of the sport, which puts little pressure on players. This way of thinking allows players of the future to develop a love of the sport and thus will tend, like myself, to carry on playing football into their teens and beyond, some will eventually develop their natural abilities to such an extent that they can play football professionally and at an elite level where they can live from the money they are paid by their team/club. From a young age I learnt to play by the rules from grass roots football during matches, I learnt how to control myself in various situations and developed a lot of skills. All of this would have been extremely difficult, if not impossible to do, without the help of governing bodies and organisations such as the FA and FIFA distributing funds and carrying out administrative procedures that ensured players, such as myself, the opportunity to play in a controlled manner in supervised games etc. During my time playing football at club level and at grass roots, I had to pay subscriptions, or subs that would be paid into the FA who would recycle the money and put it back into the various football clubs in the country. This money is used by the FA to fund training camps and centres of excellence throughout the country in order to develop the players of future teams and representatives of our country. Furthermore, without these governing bodies and organisations, lower level clubs, like those at grass root levels, would not be able to support themselves as well as with the assistance of such bodies. The transition from level to level throughout the life of a footballer relies not only on the willingness to pursue the sport, but on the dedication of the governing bodies and organisations to help young players and athletes move on with the most support that they need.

The treaty of Versailles Essay Example for Free

The treaty of Versailles Essay The first dispute occurred in January 1919. A meeting was held at Versailles in France by the leaders of each country as to decide how to punish the Germans. The leaders who attended the meeting were Lloyd George, prime minister of England, Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France, and Woodrow Wilson, president of America. They were also known as The Big Three However they disagreed with each others ideas. They each wanted something, which benefits themselves. Firstly, as the French were probably one of the worst victims of WWI. The prime minister of France wanted the German to be deeply punished. A request to have Germany demilitarized from the border of Germany to France and a restriction which Germans could only have 100000 men on their army. Also they wanted the Germany to pay all the reparations coursed during WWI. As well, he believed that Germany should be blamed for everything of what happened in WWI. Secondly, the British Prime Minister Lloyd George had different opinions to Clemenceaus points. The main reason was because England got everything they wanted from the war. First the German military got destabilized. Second, the German naval threat was gone and the British colonies arent threatened anymore. Englands punishments for Britain arent as harsh as the French. A restriction on Germans army and pay a large amount for reparation was all they wanted. This was mainly due to the fact that Germany was one of their big trading partners. If Germany was bankrupt, England wont benefit at all. Lloyd George declared if the treaty listened to Clemenceau, Germans would revenge in 25 years. Thirdly, the Americans had a total different idea. Woodrow Wilson believed that the factors, which caused WWI, werent all because of Germany. France and England should also be blamed for the cause of the war. Wilson considered that the Europeans diplomatic was too self-determined, they ignores the publics wishes or opinions. He also believed that the problems could only be solved if there is the relations between the countries were improved and a new self determined diplomatic government was being could be created through all the European countries. In conclusions, the main courses of the conflict during the The Big Three meeting were: firstly, the diplomatic relationships between the three countries, where the Americans hated the British, England and France also hated each other, they were only uniting before cause had to face a tough enemy. Secondly, the French wanted Germans to pay for more than what they caused, where England just wanted Germany to pay for a certain amount since they got exactly what wanted. Thirdly America had a totally different opinion to both of the other countries in the treaty, which was probably the major cause of the conflict.

Educational Status of Women in India

Educational Status of Women in India INTRODUCTION Education and literacy can be viewed as essential prerequisites for the full integration of women into the social and economic life of the nation. Apart from providing greater opportunity for employment in the skilled and prestigious high-income jobs, female education and training have important consequences for the whole familys welfare, as well as for its individual members. Where the mother of the household has above average education she is more likely to enter the labour market and use her supplementary income to raise the standard of well-being of the family. In addition, most studies from around the world have found a relationship that is inverse between a womans education and her fertility, and that is positive between her education and the early survival chances of her child (Ghazi, 1985). A childs academic achievement is also likely to be closely associated with its mothers level of schooling. The educational status of women therefore is the key indicator of the stage of so cietal development and the potential for progressive change. Literacy is an important indicator of development among tribal groups. Among women in general, high literacy rates lead to lower infant mortality rates (Kingdon, 1999; World Bank, 1997), reduce the number of pregnancies and enhance the status of women both in domestic life and society. Additionally, the mothers literacy status and educational attainment have significantly positive effects on the childs human capital attainment (Sengupta and Guha, 2002; Colclough, 1982). The tribal population, in general, lags behind the Hindus and the Scheduled Caste population both in literacy and educational attainment. This discrepancy in human capital attainment between the mainstream population and the tribes is particularly marked among tribal women. However, the literacy rates for scheduled tribes in India have also improved substantially from 1961 (8.54 per cent) to 2001 (47.10 per cent) for both males (13.04 per cent to 59.17 per cent) and females (2.89 per cent to 34.76 per cent) respective ly. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The present paper aims to focus on the educational status of Muthuvan women belonging to the state of Kerala. THE STUDY POPULATION The tribes under study are known as Muthuvans who are residing in the Chinnar Wild Life Sanctuary in Devikulam taluk of the Idukki district in Kerala. The Muthuvan settlements are located in the interior of the forest. To reach the Muthuvan settlements are too difficult because of the segregated nature of settlements in the interior forest. Necessary and relevant information was collected from three Muthuvan villages in the Sanctuary namely Eruttalakudi, Puthukudi, and Fifth Mile. The study generates ethnographic data through secondary sources, participant observation, orally conveyed memories, personal observations and interviews. In the 2001 census report the population of Muthuvan tribe is clubbed with the Mudugar tribe of Wayanad district therefore does not give the correct population of both these tribes. The population size of Muthuvan/Mudugar tribe has been given as 21000. The Muthuvans are settled agriculturalists, cultivating lemon grass, ragi, maize, beans, sweet potato and other allied vegetables. Their chief food items are ragi and rice with leaves and vegetables. Each household produce their food. LITERACY LEVEL OF TRIBES IN KERALA In all the five year plans, priority was given to educational development of the Scheduled Tribes. The main reason for the very slow spread of education among the Scheduled Tribes is the peculiar nature of their habitation. Majority of the Scheduled Tribes are living in remote areas far away from educational institutions. The socio-economic condition prevailing in the tribal settlements are not conducive for studies. Lacks of sufficient educational institutions in tribal areas, their poverty etc, curtailed effective educational development among Scheduled Tribes. However, the literacy rate of the tribes in Kerala (64.9 per cent) is far ahead of the tribal areas in India (47.10 per cent) and even higher than the literacy rate of the total population of the country (64.8 per cent). The Muthuvans are very poor. Many of the students discontinue schools at Primary and Middle school due to financial difficulties. Though the state and central government is providing enough financial assistance in the form of scholarship, free boarding, lodging facilities, provision to text books and mid-day meals in primary schools, stipend and hostel facilities, not many tribal children are attracted to education. The Muthuvans have not been earning much to educate themselves. Their cultural surrounding and poverty creates hindrances in the process of their education. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION AMONG THE MUTHUVANS Among the Muthuvans the dormitories were a kind of training institution for unmarried boys and girls. It is in this Chaavati (male dormitory) and Kumari Madam ( girls dormitory) that the traditions were passed from mouth to mouth, from older age group to youths and from youths to younger ones. The parents and the elders of the village initiate the child into different customs and traditions of their community and group. The dormitory system exist as a kind of school where the Muthuvan youths of either sex learn how to perform their conjugal and social duties as also the lore of the clan. These Muthuvan dormitories are chiefly meant for imparting social education to the Muthuvan children. Muthuvan dormitory especially the Chaavati functions as if it is a club, a place for juvenile happiness, a non-formal school, and also a training center for children for making the Muthuvan boys as mature community members. At least up to the second quarter of the 20th century Muthuvans had both male and female dormitories (Krishna Iyer, 1939; Luiz, 1962) to train their youths to a useful and mature community member. But now the female dormitories (kumari madam- where kumari indicate the young unmarried-girls, madam indicates dwelling) had undergone a process of decay. The Muthuvan dormitory (Chaavati) acts as a club for members to come together to share traditional experience. Their folk-tales, folk-songs and folk dances reveals lessons in different agricultural operations, hunting, wood cutting, honey collection, and in economic pursuits. These stories and anecdotes speak about sanctity of Muthuvan discipline, social approbation, social justice, law and order in their community. Chaavati enables them to get to know how to protect the community by learning the ways of defence against animal raids and enemy attacks, teaches them how to be useful for the community through co-operative labour, enables to know the community rituals and rites and also how to participate in them, provides an avenue to be community conscious and corporate in their feelings and actions thus making them responsible to the community. Members are also taught how to make fishing nets, traps, mats, ornaments etc., whereas in formal schools this kind of activities are absolutel y not seen and home could not attract the Muthuvan children. From the dormitory, each Muthuvan acquire the knowledge about the flora and fauna, the forest track path, medicinal plants for various diseases and so on. In the Chaavati Muthuvan children are properly educated in order to face future eventualities of life and cope ages with the cultural requirements. FORMAL EDUCATION Formal education is considered as important tools for social change and development. Formal education can be broadly divided in to two, primary and secondary education. Primary education is intended for all children aged between 4 years to 12 years where as secondary education is provided for children aged 12 years and above. In general any type of education oral or written is the action of developing the individual mentally and morally. For primary education in all the study villages government established primary schools with a single hut class room which will house all the students up to IV standard, handled by a single teacher. Muthuvans send their children to school up to primary level. To attract the children to school, government provides many facilities for students in primary level. All students in the primary school are provided with book, pencils, and slates for free of cost. Government also provided mid-day meal to all students in the primary level. In mid day meal per day 150 gram rice and 30 gram dal and 2 eggs in a week are provided. Children above the IV standard will be sent to the tribal hostels and tribal schools away in the block or district headquarters. But once they come for vacation, majority of them never return to hostels. The strange life style and schedule at the hostel, being away from the parents and the village, missing all the cultural and social freedom, all these make them quit the hostels and keep them still close to illiteracy. Like any other people they too feel comfortable to speak their own language and dialect, the enavan pech (our own speech). LITERACY TRENDS AMONG THE MUTHUVAN WOMEN Among the Muthuvans the demand for education is much lower than as compared to other tribes in Kerala. Muthuvan women have to work in order to cope with their daily living and do not place a high value on education. Additionally, in the remote Muthuvan hamlets where a good infrastructure is lacking, women find it difficult to have access to schools. Many are not even aware of the existence of schools in their areas due to lack of communications and networks. LITERACY LEVEL OF THE MUTHUVAN WOMEN Even though Kerala has a high literacy rate even in the rural areas (90.9 per cent), women among the Muthuvan tribe are still lagging behind in literacy (36.98 per cent compared to the women literacy rate of Kerala, 87.80 per cent). The general trend of high female literacy rates in Kerala and the high status of women in the state have no impact on the literacy rate among the Muthuvan women because of their isolation and living in the dense forest away from the main stream. Considering the educational qualification of the women respondents in the study area, out of the total 211 respondents 71.09 per cent are illiterate, 18.48 per cent studied up to the primary level, 10.5 per cent were in the Middle school level. Only two respondents were studied up to Higher Secondary Level and two were studied up to graduate level. Due to the provision of incentives such as mid- day meal programmes and distribution of uniforms, there is a slight increase in the number of children who go to school. In the sample population, Muthuvans in the age group of 5 to 19 years showed some inclination towards schooling. Out of 92 boys and 83 girls, 81.66 per cent boys (75 boys) and 80.53 per cent (67 girls) attended school. These are obviously the first generation learners because the largest number, 82.66 per cent boys (62 out of 75 boys) and 79.10 per cent girls (53 out of 67 girls) were in the primary school. The number of girls and boys in the Middle and High school were meager. There are many reasons for this condition. Non-availability of middle schools in the vicinity of tribal settlements as well as the failure of ITDP schools in the state of Kerala to offer Middle schools and High Schools is the two most important reasons for the educational backwardness of tribal children. Poverty of the parents is yet another re ason. Above all they are still unaware of the importance of education. EDUCATION OF THE MUTHUVAN GIRL CHILDREN The girl child among the Muthuvans is denied the future opportunity of the total development. The reasons associated with not educating girl child are financial constraints, early marriage, submissiveness, and motherhood. After attaining puberty, Muthuvan girls are not allowed to go to school even if the school is located in the settlement itself. Girls have no say on the topic of education. It is entirely their parents decision. Regarding their aspiration to educate their daughters, the parents had different response. More than half of them wanted to send their daughters to schools but others thought it was futile. In absence of hired labour, the girls work at home and fields is of utmost importance and all considered the fact that eventually the girls have to get married and start their families. Where parents are enthusiastic about educating their daughters, they enroll their daughters in schools but rarely allow them to complete their schooling. The girls study up to primary scho ol only; since there is no middle school in their area they have to go to town to continue their education. The Muthuvans are reluctant to send their girl children out of their settlements since they are very much concerned about the safety of their daughters. Thus they discontinue their education at the primary level and turn to household chores and agricultural activities. From early childhood itself Muthuvan girls play a prominent role in running the family. By the age of 12-14 years most of the girls join the agricultural force. The girls also supplement the household income through their labour-force and also participate in minor forest produce collection. If they have spare time in spite of all these activities and obtain permission from their parents then they may go to school. According to 47.86 per cent of the respondents the reason for their present educational status is that the facilities were not available for them to get educated, 0.94 per cent revealed that girls education was not allowed, 6.16 per cent said the reason that because of agricultural activities and household chores they did not get time to study, 3.31 per cent opined that they did not have any interest to study since this education is worth less for them on account of that they are staying in the forest and they possess enough knowledge from the forest itself to cope with their lives. Out of 211 respondents 93.36 per cent are ready to send girl children to school up to primary level, while 6.63 per cent shows unwillingness to send their girl children to school. They are of the opinion that girl children should first learn how to manage household chores and agricultural activities as they have to manage her husbands house after marriage. From early childhood to begin with, girl children are trained in various domestic chores. As soon as girl is grown up enough to play she is regarded old enough to work. She may be seen assisting her mother in all domestic work bringing fuel from the forest, carrying water from the nearby pipe and by attending to small babies. She has to attend all kinds of domestic work. When the girl children started to manage the household mother can go for agricultural activities without any hindrance. In absence of hired labour, the girls work at home and fields is of utmost importance and all considered the fact that eventually the girls have to get married and start their families. Other than going school 50.23 per cent of the girl children were managing the household chores, helping in agricultural activities and taking care of the younger children. Even if the schools were located in their hamlet itself, due to these work burdens girl children were always withdrawn from the schools. DROP-OUT AMONG THE MUTHUVAN CHILDREN Drop out is an evil of primary education. Primary education is imparted with two main objectives as to make the children literate and to prepare them for becoming responsible citizen of the country. So the children to be literate should have at least four years schooling and to be a responsible citizen most have and eight years of schooling. The drop out pupils of the study area is large. So it is very important to analyze the cause for drop out. REASON FOR DROP-OUTS The reasons for drop-out are depending on family status, economic imposition, bi-lingual education, lack of interest, etc. Among the Muthuvans it was found that the problem of dropout is not an isolated phenomenon, but it may be attributed to so many other facts. 1. Economic Backwardness The Muthuvans depend on agriculture for their subsistence. Further they also engaged in wage labour and each family income ranges from Rs 800/-to Rs.1000/-per month. As such they find it difficult for them to spend hard earnings on the expenses of their childrens education. Though majority of the families depended on agricultural produce and collection of Non-Timber Forest Produce (NTFP), barter system has no longer very much effective in their daily living. Everything has a price now a days including education. Exploitation of non-tribes in procurement of agricultural produce from Muthuvans and consequently trap in vicious cycle of indebtedness accentuated the problem of poverty. Due to their poor economic condition, children assist their parents in familial subsistence. As such this drop-out problem is perpetuating in the study area. 2. Socio-cultural factors Socio-cultural practices of Muthuvans play a significant role in the overall development of children in the study village. The formal education which is imparted to Muthuvan children is devoid of learning about their own society and their vernacular language, they are forced to learn alphabets in alien language. Even the teachers are not well versed with Muthuvan language and they teach in text book language. They are not bothered about whether the children are capable of understanding what they are taught. It is the fact that despite their tradition and culture these societies have to accept the innovation for getting employment. But they feel that the medium of instruction should be local up to primary level and the syllabus should be based on their culture and society. Lack of such amenable medium of instruction and territorial based education causing lot of confusion among the children. Eventually they turn down this education under those psychological pressure and phobia about the formal education. 3. Non-availability of facilities All the settlements had primary schools and Anganwadies, but these settlements do not have Middle school and High Schools. The Primary Schools in the study area was working with a single teacher in a small hut having only one room. All the students from Standard I to Standard IV were sitting in the same class room and the single teacher managed all the classes. Further analysis of the reasons for dropout showed that after the attainment of puberty girls never allowed to go to schools, in addition to this their economic conditions also forced them to dropout. The dropout generally occurred after the child completed the school. Where schools are not located at close quarters from the settlements, rates of dropout as well as non-enrollment are high. There is a natural hesitation on the part of most parents to send children to schools located at a distance. Lack of appropriate atmosphere of schooling, continuous attendance, parental interest, study interest are some of the important problems of education faced by Muthuvan children. Few teachers perceived economic problems, inadequacy of clothing, lack of books and stationery as the reasons for poor attendance of students. Poverty coupled with insufficient infrastructure is responsible for the prevalence of large scale drop out among the tribal children. The Muthuvan settlements are located in forest belts. Often children have to walk through wild animal infested forest tracts to reach the nearest school. This is a big safety risk. For example, not a single child in the school going age in the settlements in the midst of Chinnar Wild Life Sanctuary was going to school, where the schools are located away from the settlement. The Muthuvans are especially apprehensive about sending girls through lonely forest tracts for a very genuine fear. Many a time not only they encounter wild elephants but also wild and lusty men. There have been instances when forest contractors, non-tribal men in the neighbouring villages have tried to make sexual advance at these young girls. PRE-METRIC HOSTEL FOR FEMALE CHILDREN The Kerala state provided a boarding institution for tribal girls- pre-metric hostel as it is called, in Marayoor, the nearby town of the study area, for the convenience of the tribal girls who are coming from the remote settlements. The hostel has now thirty-two boarders who are students in Government-run and private schools. Of them, only six are from Muthuvan community. As Muthuvans consider themselves as superior to the other tribes they do not prefer to admit their children to the hostel where they would have to live, interdine, and interact with the Malapulaya children. Muthuvans are claiming superior status over Malapulayas. The school dropout rate among Muthuvan children is said to be considerably high. It would seem that besides their hesitancy to stay and interact with Malapulaya children, Muthuvan children who are used to high altitudes and evergreen forest habitat and associated way of living find the hostel and school alienating. The resistance of Muthuvan parents to the ir children intermingling with Malapulaya children is very high. This also forms one of the reasons for not sending the children in the schools away from Muthuvan hamlet. DISCUSSION Low literacy among the Muthuvan tribe in general and women in particular, presents a very serious problem. The demand side of labour market has a feedback effect on the investment decisions on the Muthuvans in education. They are relayed on agriculture for their livelihood. The Muthuvans consider both boys and girls as economic asset to the family, therefore sending them to school upsets the traditional pattern of division of labour. Muthuvan girls usually help their mothers at home in all possible ways and work in the field in the agricultural seasons. In non-agricultural seasons they are usually engaged in the collection of minor forest produces, grazing cattle and goats, under these circumstances parents never force the children to go to school at all. Although economic constraints hinder tribal girls from getting educated, cultural, social and family structures also contribute to the tremendous variation in dropout rates of girls among the Muthuvans. Besides going to school majority of the Muthuvan girls are managing the household chores, taking care of the younger children, helping in the agricultural activities, collecting minor forest produces and firewood. They also bring water from the far away pipes and looking after the livestock. Parents want the children to help them in agriculture and other allied activities. On the top of that, school vacations are not synchronized with the heavy agricultural seasons of sowing or harvesting. So the parents cannot be faulted for pulling out their children for getting of little extra help. The study area has only primary and middle level schools. After completing middle level education, they are unable to go to town for higher education due to cultural and safety reasons as mentioned earlier. The Muthuvan literacy level, in general is quite low. But in case of Muthuvan women it touches the lowest bottom. Muthuvans as settled agriculturalists lack enough food grains to maintain the family whole year. Education therefore is a luxury for them which they can hardly afford. Each school- going girl in a Muthuvan family is an economic unit and contribute to the family. If the girl is taken away from her normal economic work to attend school, the family is deprived of little income which she brings; instead, the parents have to feed the child out of their earnings which further reduces the economic stability of the family. Merely increasing the number of schools in tribal areas or throwing up superficial incentives per se will not bring development to the doors of the tribal women or girl children. The actual needs and real life situations have to be taken cognizance of while planning schemes for tribal development. In order to facilitate tribal girls to make extensive and effective use of schooling facilities, schools must be located within easy and safe reach of children. This definitely is a meaningful incentive for a large number of tribal parents who are desirous of sending their children schools. One cannot expect young girls to walk for miles through dangerous animal and human infested forest tracks. It is easier to offer scholarships and gold medals to successful tribal learners than opening new schools in distant tribal belts or removing the actual hurdles to effective utilization of existing facilities. The introduction of formal education is not without any negative impact. A set of values totally alien to the Muthuvan culture have now been introduced to their community. Often, the curricular content of class room training is in direct contradiction to their real life experiences. Barring a few exceptions tribal education programmes do not take into account the needs and conditions of tribal life and culture. A curriculum that is alien to their culture and ways of life leaves them confused. Such concepts as the father being the sole bread earner, mother attends only to household chores, boys playing out-door games and girls engaged in domestic work leaves them perturbed. Even the gender insensitive games that are taught in the non- tribal schools do not have positive attitude towards tribal values. The non-tribal culture at large does not have a very pro-women attitude and the same is reflected in the attitude of these teachers towards female children. The teacher addressed the gir ls as waste, burden, and scolded them whenever they did not show interest in the lessons or failed to answer their questions. They made a point to repeatedly remind the female students that their place was in the home and that kitchen work does not require any formal schooling. Teachers with such attitudes are doing great damage to the motivation of girl children because of their gender blind attitudes. Ideas that had hitherto not crept into Muthuvan mind have now been introduced. Many female teachers also act as a negative, influence on women and girl children. They express their displeasure and disapproval about such tribal practices as elopement, divorce and widow marriage. These young children are slowly developing a sense of aversion towards their indigenous practices, many of which are very progressive.

Its All in the Jeans Essay -- Fashion Clothing Retail Essays

It's All in the Jeans Bell-bottoms came and went, came back and then left again. Top hats had their era. Platform shoes had an intense, yet short, life. Polyester made a brief appearance. At one time, sailor suits could be seen everywhere; not anymore. Hot pants come and go. Yet jeans seem to have survived. They have achieved the impossible: remaining a major trend from the eighteenth century to the present day. Jeans -- trousers made of denim clothing -- have survived through the decades and the centuries. All trends tend to become old and eventually lose their place in society, some more quickly than others. Whether it is clothing, music, hairstyles or attitudes, all seem to have a time limit. Fashion, in any category, has often made it across borders, oceans, social classes and genders, but few have made it through time. Jeans have made it through all of the above, and more. They have made the ultimate transition from being a trend to being a classic. Eternal. Popularity usually comes with an expiratio n date, but apparently not for jeans. As described by the â€Å"History of Jeans† website, the history of jeans is complex and goes all the way back to the eighteenth century, when the word â€Å"jean† is believed to have originated in Italy. Genoan sailor outfits were made from a mixture of materials. Pants made of this denim cloth were called â€Å"jeans† after the Genoan sailors who wore them. â€Å"Denim† refers back to a clothing material used in France called â€Å"Serge de Nimes†. Translated, â€Å"serges† is a kind of material and â€Å"de Nimes† means â€Å"from Nimes†, a town in the south of France. Trading across the Atlantic, along with European immigration, brought denim cloth and jeans to the country that would make both famous. In the USA, jeans we... ... is the key to survival in general? Evolution. Think about it. It makes sense. In order to survive, something must adapt to its ever-changing environment. This principle applies to all things, alive and non-living. Without adaptation comes extinction. It is essential to evolve. Jeans have done exactly that. In the constantly changing world of fashion and popular culture, jeans have been adjusted every step of the way to suit their new environment. In this case, the environment involves trends, attitudes and looks. With every decade and every new generation, jeans have been adapted in order to ensure their continued popularity. Sources Cited â€Å"The Gentrification of Blue Jeans† website www.chass.utoronto.ca/history/material_culture/cynth; â€Å"Historic clothing† at histclo.hispeed.com; and â€Å"History of jeans† at www2.gol.com/users/bobkeim/Garment/jhistory.html.

clay Beats Liston: February 25, 1964 :: essays research papers fc

"Clay Beats Liston: February 25, 1964" From the accounts of various Kentucky newspapers, I was able to learn a few facts about Cassius Clay, later known as Muhammad Ali, as well as the attitudes of his fellow Kentuckians. The first thing I noticed in all the newspapers that I viewed was that almost all the articles written about the fight were written by writers from either the Associated Press (AP) or United Press International (UPI). This displayed three things about the Kentucky press, first the belief that Clay's fight was not important enough to cover themselves, secondly that the newspapers probably did not make enough money to send their own reporters down to Miami Beach, and finally the localization of the newspapers' audiences. Another aspect of the fight is the effect it had on Kentucky society, especially the sports scene. I primarily noticed that almost all the papers used reports from the Associated Press and the United Press International, even the (Louisville) Courier-Journal, one of Clay's hometown newspapers, used reports from the Associated Press. The only articles that were not written by a member of the Associated Press were the very rare editorials written about the fight. The use of reports from the AP and the UPI shows that most newspapers did not think the fight was very newsworthy. Only one newspaper published an article that was not written by a member of the Associated Press or the United Press International, however that one article was an editorial about Cassius Clay's new found wealth and not the actual fight. The lack of coverage also proves that even though blacks were supposed to be equal to whites, that in reality achievements by blacks and whites were treated differently. None of the newspapers that I read displayed a large picture or headline proclaiming that Cassius Clay was the new heavyweight champion of the world. Most newspapers had an average sized headline stating that Clay was the new champion, but none had an article about him on the front page. This further illustrates that achievements by blacks were believed to be less important than the achievements of whites. I saw almost the same amount of articles on high school basketball, as I did on the fight. Although I am not surprised by the fact that high school basketball received almost a page of coverage, I am alarmed by the fact that this one page of coverage on basketball was the same amount of coverage for the boxing match. The stories by Associated Press and United Press International illustrate two more facts about Kentucky during the 1960's, primarily that most of

frankenstein (not full) :: essays research papers

Differences and Similarities are used to emphasize certain aspects of things. This idea is commonly when a movie is made that is based on a book. The director of the movie may choose to keep details in his movie that adheres to the details in the book that the movie is based on. He may also choose to change some details from the book to what he perceives to be more fitting. In the case of Frankenstein the novel and the 1995 movie version of Mary Shelly?s Frankenstein, there were notable differences and similarities. The differences dealing with the education of the monster and the ending of the story, and similarity dealing with the turning point of the story help create a better understanding of this complex story. A notable difference between the book and the movie was the education of the Monster. They both focus around the Monster?s time spent watching the De Lacey?s. In the movie his time was devoted mostly to just watching the family and how they acted towards each other. He learned quite quickly how to speak and read and learned to understand the different emotions people possessed. The only justification of the Monster?s rapid learning process is that in a movie not a great deal of time can be spent on this or else the movie would drag on. Although not a lot of time was spent on showing the development of the Monster?s education in the movie, the book however went into great detail in describing its education. During his stay in the shack near the De Lacey?s cottage the Monster came across four books that would enlighten him and show the reader the learning of the Monster step by step. The first book was Volney?s Ruins of Empires.

Finance Project

Note: Below are some of the topics of projects for example only. You may visit the organization and the guide (Manager from the particular Organization may suggest you some suitable topic related to the Organization) Suggested topics are Projects topics for MBA but are not limited to: Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Project Topics PROJECT TOPICS FOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A study of performance appraisal / performance management system in XYZ organization Assessment of role stress amongst the employees of XYZ organization Job satisfaction survey at XYZ organization Competency mapping in an organization Training effectiveness in an organization Study of organizational culture OCTAPACE profile. Motivational analysis of organization A comparative study of team effectives in an organization: Team effectiveness assessment measure. A study of Compensation Management System A detailed study of promotion and reward policy of organization A study of quality of work life in an organization. Mapping training need of employees: Training Need Analysis PROJECT TOPICS RELATED TO MARKETING Formulation of Marketing Strategies to Improve Market Share of LG Microwave Ovens Improving the Effectiveness & Efficiency of Operations at Cox & Kings India Ltd. Demand Forecasting for Orion-ERP Package for ICICI Infotech in Bangalore, based on Small & Medium Enterprises. Developing a Service Delivery Model to bridge the gap between services expected & provided by ICICI Home Loans. Strategies for Increasing the Occupancy Rate of the Taj West End Hotel, Bangalore A Market Feasibility Study for New X-ray Machines from Wipro-GE Medical Systems Distribution Mapping & Dealer Satisfaction Survey for Nokia Mobile Phones. A Study of Marketing Strategies & Distribution Channels in North Karnataka for Cholamandalam Investment & Finance Company Ltd. A Study to improve Awareness level of Triraksha Welfare Scheme among farmers for Tractors & Farm Equipment Ltd A Study to increase Penetration Level & Brand Loyalty among existing consumers of Samsung India Electronics Ltd. 3 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 PROJECTS TOPICS RELATED TO FINANCE The study on Indian Financial System post liberalization The impact of Global recession on Information Technology sector in India The impact of recent global economic slump on Indian capital market A comparative study of bancassurance products in banks A Compara tive study of Equity linked Savings Schemes floated by domestic Mutual fund players. A Comparative Study of cost of capital in Automobile /Steel/Pharma/Finance industry A comparative study of Finance performance of banks using various ratios. Profitability and Operational Efficiency of Public Sector banks Profitability and Operational Efficiency of banks in India A study of working capital management in small scale industries The scope of Microfinance in Indian context. Financial Inclusion- The scope and effect in Indian economy Rural banking in India Dematerialization – The scope and effect. The future of Investment banks in the post Lehman Brothers era PROJECTS TOPICS RELATED TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS Role of software agents as a collaborative tool-Ecommerce Hospital Management System-Database Approach, Mangala hospital, Hassan Automation of Banking database, XYZ Bank. Automation of Customer Relation Database, A SAP Product A study on Electronic data storage- Steel factory, Mumbai A webpage design using JAVA-Google page Projects topics for MBA – Project Management Application of Project Management Processes to the Global Product Development System TRIZ applied in Product Development Project Prioritization. Project Cost Estimation Virtual Project Management Continuous Business Process Improvement (CBPI) Force Field Analysis Information Risk Management SEI – CMM & ISO Certification Recent Revolutions in Project Management Modern Trends in Project Management Perception Knowledge Management in Project Management Project Management Application Softwares Project Risk Management Project Administration Project Feasibility Studies Importance of Human Resource Management in Project Management. Projects topics for MBA – Operations Management Concepts and Techniques related to materials management 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Computer and Quantitative models used in formulating managerial problems. Concepts and Techniques of Value Analysis to effectively control costs. Deterministic and Stochastic inventory models. Just In Time Production. Logistics Management. Project Scheduling. Manufacturing strategy. Site and Location Analysis. Application of Quantitative Analysis and Computers for managerial decision making in operations problems. A study on tools and techniques (e. g. , CPM and PERT) developed to aid the planning, scheduling, and control of projects. Quality issues related to enhancing customer satisfaction (both internal and external) to ensure long-term customer loyalty. Ethical Issues in Operations Management Studies and conclusions of McGregor, Maslow, Herzburg, Likert, Aggyris, and Blake on Operations Management Behavioral Science. The use of material and supply chain management in manufacturing and service organizations to reduce inventory levels while providing adequate service to customers. Problems encountered in planning, operating, and controlling production of goods and services Tools in project management A study on the methods of planning, organizing, and controlling maintenance. A study on Production and inventory control, procurement, distribution, and their interrelationships. A study on Total Quality Management, human resources, finance and accounting, information systems, and their interrelationships Investigation into computerized production technology Study on Plant layout design depending on type of production system. Flexible Manufacturing Systems Computer Integrated Manufacturing Workforce Management Work study, Method Study and Time Study Modern Trends in Project Management

Home by Toni Morrison Essay

Over time, Frank’s journey to rescue his debilitated sister, the siblings’ dependence on each other becomes more evident. Frank and Cee Money, the protagonists of Toni Morrison’s Home, exemplify this powerful need, a need that at times flirts with greed. The reason Frank feels so responsible for Cee is due to the fact while growing up they had neglectful parents as well as an abusive grandmother, his failed relationship with Lily, and lastly him facing his inner turmoil due to his actions in Korea. Toni Morrison states numerous times in the text, how Frank would do anything for Cee. Frank recalls, â€Å"Only my sister in trouble could force me to even think about going in that direction† (Morrison, 84). His parents certainly did not inculcate this instinct into Frank, for they have neglected their two children, leaving them with the witch of a Grandmother, Lenore. The relationship between Frank and Cee, which exceeds romance, sanctions Frank while handicap ping Cee. Due to the unfortunate circumstance of having careless parents and cruel grandparents, at a young age Frank is occupied with the unspoken role of Cee’s Guardian. â€Å"Their parents were so beat by the time they came home from work, any affection they showed was like a razor—sharp, short, and thin† (53). To grab hold of the relationship, Morrison, uses the first person point of view with Frank Money, and the third person perspective from Cee, along with other characters. Frank, as the acting guardian of Cee, the responsibility he has taken on is a significant and perhaps be one of the more important and well-developed themes of the novel. Frank, through the first person point of view describes how he was â€Å"guarding her, finding a way through tall grass and out of that place, not being afraid of anything† (104). Frank gladly took ownership for Cee, and was heroic in the process which he loathed about in his own mind. Frank needs to take possession of hi s sister for his own wishes. He experienced rough times in Korea and it was his way of burying the past and paving a new road for his future. This is the sole reason for Frank’s journey south back to Lotus, Georgia; he is frantic to rescue Cee after she was in dreadful hands. Cee went through much more hardship while Frank was away due to the lack of experience she was accustomed to. Once more, Frank wanted to be the defender he had been as a child; to revivify the feeling in his heart of fearlessness. Frank needs something to protect. Cee, his dearly loved sister, take up this role for most of the novel. Concurrently, Frank satisfies his troubled need to care for someone and loves his sister. Willingly, Frank admits, â€Å"I’ve had only two regular women. I liked the small breakable thing inside each one. Wherever their personality, smarts, or looks, something soft lay in each†¦A little V†¦that I could break with a forefinger if I wanted to. But never did† (67-68), Frank expresses his obsession with weakness. Frank denotes this weakness as a small child to whom he is the parent. He handles it cautiously, cares for it, and provides a home for it. He needs it to feel needed, which happens to be a reoccurring theme throughout the novel. â€Å"When†¦I caught my reflection in a store window, I thought it was somebody else. Some dirty pitiful-looking guy†¦Right then, I decided to clean up† (69). In this moment, Frank’s search of his relationship with Lily begins from a forceful self-hatred that has presented itself since his deployment to Korea. After his relationship with Lily fades and crumbles, Frank returns to the seed that from the beginning he was in need of, his sister. After all, his journey was certainly always, to his sister, who needs him far more than Lily ever did. â€Å"She was the first person I ever took responsibility for. Down deep inside her lived my secret picture of myself—a strong good me†¦In my little boy heart, I felt heroic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (104). Without Cee, Frank is nobody. Without Cee, Frank has no purpose. As Frank and Cee rummaged through their uneasy childhood, they consistently found each other as a safe, comfort zone. The burial that occurs in his first memory of the novel, Frank recalls, â€Å"I hugged her shoulders tight and tried to pull her trembling into my own bones because, as a brother four years older, I thought I could handle it† (4). Immediately, as readers, we are aware of Frank’s self-imposed responsibility for Cee. The instinct was natural. Nature tends to prevail over nurture, as is certainly the case with Frank Money. Persistently his sister’s shield, to put it in a nutshell, for example, by his actions against the man who flashed her, Frank exaggerates Cee’s dependence on him. â€Å"†¦ [Cee] was prevented from any real flirtation because of her big brother, Frank. The boys around knew she was off limits because of her overbearing, over protective brother. That’s why when Frank†¦enlisted and left town, she fell for†¦the first thing she saw wearing belted trousers instead of overalls† (47). Regardless of Frank’s good intentions, he really put Cee at a disadvantage and at risk. Their childhood was a clear indicator that Cee’s role as the helpless damsel in distress and in need of protection, and Frank’s role as her dedicated protector. Frank and Cee, over the course of the novel, show many unclear indicators about the relationship between the siblings. Toni Morrison has a job well done with portraying the characters as more reliant on each other than lovers, but one could simply mistake the relationship between them. Frank, shaped by his inclination to protect, seeks to redeem himself for his unspeakable actions in Korea; he â€Å"[decides] to clean up† (69). Cee cleanses him. She grounds him, without even knowing it. He shuns away from his violent tendencies, he came across during his w ar experience in Korea. At the start, he believes he needs â€Å"the rage that had accompanied killing Korea†¦to claim his sister† (102). Before retrieving Cee, however, his mindset evolves. â€Å"He couldn’t let things get so out of control that it would endanger Cee† (110). Given his failure to show Cee the evils of the world, Frank’s attempt to protect her as an adult is a difficult assignment. He could not save her from everything. He was late upon re-entering her life and missed her greedy husband, not the twisted doctor. Cee’s infertility symbolizes her permanent scarring, credited, in part, to her own brother. Frank, although a loving, kind brother, failed to teach Cee to be a woman. Now, she will never be. It is inevitable that no person can go through life without hardship.

Branding: Marketing and Answer

Chapter-9: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. _____ is endowing products and services with the power of a brand. Your Answer:| Branding | 2. _____ is the added value endowed to products and services. Your Answer:| Brand equity | 3. ______ are those trademarked devices that serve to identify and differentiate the brand. Your Answer:| Brand elements | 4. _____ marketing is about mixing and matching marketing activities to maximize their individual and collective effects. Your Answer:| Integrating | 5. _____ is consumers' ability to identify the brand under different conditions as reflected by their brand recognition or recall performance.Your Answer:| Brand awareness | 6. _____ occurs when customers experience the company as delivering on its brand promise. Your Answer:| Brand bonding | 7. A _____ is a consumer-focused exercise that involves a series of procedures to assess the health of the brand, uncover its sources of brand equity, and suggest ways to improve and leverage its equi ty. Your Answer:| brand audit | 8. When a firm uses an established brand to introduce a new product it is called a _____. Your Answer:| brand extension | 9. A _____ product is one whose brand name has been licensed to other manufacturers who actually make the product.Your Answer:| licensed | 10. _____ occurs when consumers no longer associate a brand with a specific product or highly similar products and start thinking less about the brand. Your Answer:| Brand dilution | 11. _______is the set of all brands and brand lines which a particular firm offers for sale to buyers in a particular category. Your Answer:| Brand portfolio | 12. _____ measures the degree to which a brand is seen as different from others. Your Answer:| Differentiation | 13. _____ measures the breadth of a brand's appeal. Your Answer:| Relevance | 14.Nike has the distinctive â€Å"swoosh† logo, the â€Å"Just Do It† slogan, and the â€Å"Nike† name based on a mythological goddess. These items a re called _____. Your Answer:| brand elements | 15. Burton, a maker of snowboards, is introducing a new snowboard called â€Å"The Dominator. † This snowboard will be associated and identified with top professional riders. What marketing strategy is Burton using? Your Answer:| leveraging secondary association | 16. The purpose of the _____ is to provide a current, comprehensive profile of how all the products and services sold by a company are marketed and branded. Your Answer:| brand inventory | | 7. A _____ typically employs quantitative measures to provide marketers with current information as to how their brands and marketing programs are performing on the basis of a number of key dimensions. Your Answer:| tracking study| | 18. Nivea, a strong European brand, has expanded its scope from a skin-cream brand to a skin-care and personal-care brand through carefully designed and implemented brand extensions. This is an example of _____. Your Answer:| brand reinforcement | 19. Dannon Yogurt offers several types of new yogurts, Fruit on the Bottom, Natural Flavours, and Fruit Blends to name a few.This is an example of a _____. Your Answer:| line extension | 20. Honda uses the company name to cover different products such as automobiles, motorcycles, snow blowers, and snowmobiles. This is an example of a _____. Your Answer:| category extension | 21. A _____ brand may be kept around despite dwindling sales because they still manage to hold on to a sufficient number of customers and maintain profitability with little or no marketing support. Your Answer:| cash cow | 22. All products marketed by Heinz carry the brand name ‘Heinz'. This is an example of ___________. Your Answer:| blanket family names |Short Questions: Chapter-9: 1. Describe the functions a brand provides for the firm. Ans:Brands simplify product handling or tracking. Brands help to organize inventory and accounting records. Brands also offer the firm legal protection for unique features o r aspects of the product. Finally, brands signal a certain level of quality so that satisfied buyers can easily choose the product again. 2. What are the two basic approaches to measuring brand equity? Ans: The indirect approach assesses potential sources of brand equity by identifying and tracking consumer brand knowledge structures.The direct approach assesses the actual impact of brand knowledge on consumer responses to different aspects of the marketing. 3. From a marketing management perspective, there are three main sets of brand equity drivers. List these factors. Ans: The initial choices for the brand element or identities making up the brand. The way the brand is integrated into the supporting marketing program. The associations indirectly transferred to the brand by linking the brand to some other entity. 4. What are the six criteria used to choose brand elements? Explain each of these.Ans:- 1. Memorable – how easily is the brand element recalled and recognized. 2. Meaningful – to what extent is the brand element credible and suggestive of the corresponding category? 3. Likeability – how aesthetically appealing do consumers find the brand element? 4. Transferable – can the brand element be used to introduce new products in the same or different categories? 5. Adaptable – how adaptable and updatable is the brand element. 6. Protectable – how legally protectable is the brand element? How competitively protectable is it? Can it be copied? 5.Discuss the four general strategies used in choosing a brand name. What are the advantages to each of these strategies? Ans:- ? First, a company can use an individual name strategy. This way the company does not tie its reputation to the product's. If the product fails or appears to have a low quality the company's image is not hurt. ? A second strategy is to use blanket family names. By using this strategy, there is no need for â€Å"name† research or heavy advertisin g to create brand-name recognition; this reduces initial development costs. ? A third strategy is to use separate family names for all products.This works best for companies that produce quite different products and one blanket family name is not desirable. ? Finally, a company can use the corporate name combined with individual product names as a branding strategy. The company name legitimizes and the individual name individualizes the new product. 6. The Marketing Insight – Applying Permission Marketing, presents the practice of permission marketing as an important tool for building customer loyalty. List the five steps which Seth Godin, a pioneer in the technique, has identified as important in creating effective permission marketing.Ans:-   Godin identifies the following 5 steps: Offer the prospect an incentive to volunteer (e. g. , free sample, sales promotion, or contest). Offer the interested prospect a curriculum over time that teaches the consumer about the product or service. Reinforce the incentive to guarantee that the prospect maintains the permission. Offer additional incentives to get more permission from the consumer. Over time, leverage the permission to change consumer behaviour toward profits. Chapter-10: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. ____ is the act of designing the company's offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. Your Answer:| Positioning | 2. Companies can gain a strong competitive advantage through having better-trained people. This is called _____. Your Answer:| personnel differentiation | 3. _____ pass through four stages: distinctiveness, emulation, mass fashion, and decline. Your Answer:| Fashions | 4. In a _____ pattern of the product life cycle, sales grow rapidly when the product is first introduced and then fall to a â€Å"petrified† level.Your Answer:| growth-slump-maturity | 5. The _____ stage is marked by a rapid climb in sales. Your Answer:| growth | 6. During the _____ stage sales slow down creating over-capacity in the industry, which leads to intensified competition. Your Answer:| maturity | 7. During the _____ stage sales and profits decline and some firms withdraw from the market. Your Answer:| decline | 8. _____ calls for gradually reducing a product and business's costs while trying to maintain sales. Your Answer:| Harvesting | 9. If a new product sells well, new firms will enter the market, ushering in a(n) _____ stage.Your Answer:| market-growth | 10. Eventually, when competitors cover and serve all the major market segments the market enters the _____ stage. Your Answer:| maturity | 11. A company may follow the strategies of deletion, harvesting, or contracting in the _______ stage. Your Answer:| decline | 12. Creating the image of a â€Å"delivered pizza† rather than a â€Å"frozen pizza† category for McCain's pizza is an example of _______. Your Answer:| positioning | 13. Attributes or benefits consumers strongl y associate with a brand, such as FedEx-guaranteed overnight delivery-are called _____.Your Answer:| points-of-difference | 14. Associations that are not necessarily unique to the brand are called _____. Your Answer:| points-of-parity | 15. A _____ is a basic and distinctive mode of expression appearing in a field of human endeavour. Your Answer:| style | 16. During the _____ stage prices remain where they are or fall slightly. Your Answer:| growth | 17. The _____ stage divides into three phases: growth, stable, and decaying maturity. Your Answer:| maturity | 18. During the _____ stage product managers try to stimulate sales by modifying other marketing program elements.Your Answer:| maturity | 19. During the _____ stage firms may withdraw from smaller market segments and weaker trade channels. Your Answer:| decline | 20. _____ is used to milk the firm's investments to recover cash quickly in the decline stage. Your Answer:| Harvesting | 21. In a _____ strategy a new product can be designed to meet the preferences of one of the corners of the market. Your Answer:| single-niche | 22. Which of the following is not a key desirability for PODs? Your Answer:| Feasibility | Short Questions: Chapter-10: 1.What are the three key consumer desirability criteria for POD's (points-of-difference)? Ans:- 1. Relevance – target consumers must find the POD personally relevant and important. 2. Distinctiveness – target consumers must find the POD distinctive and superior. 3. Believability – target consumers must find the POD believable and credible. 2. What are the four stages in the Product Life Cycle? Describe what happens at each stage. Ans:- ? In the first stage, introduction, the product experiences slow sales growth as the product is introduced in the market. In the second stage, growth, there is a period of rapid market acceptance and substantial profit improvement. ? In the third stage, maturity, the product experiences a slowdown in sales growth, p rofits stabilize or decline because of increased competition. ? And in the fourth and final stage, decline, sales show a downward drift and profits erode. 3. Companies can gain a strong competitive advantage through better trained people. List some of the characteristics of better-trained personnel, and give some illustrative examples.Ans:-   Competence – they possess the required skill and knowledge Courtesy – they are friendly, respectful, and considerate Credibility – they are trustworthy Reliability – they perform the service consistently and accurately Responsiveness – they respond quickly to customers' requests and problems Communication – they make an effort to understand the customer and communicate clearly Some examples of the above: Singapore Airlines – excellent reputation in large part because of its flight attendants McDonald's people are courteous IBM people are professional Disney people are upbeat. . What are the thr ee main ways to convey a brand's category membership? Ans:- 1. Announcing category benefits — benefits are frequently used to announce category membership to reassure consumers that a brand will deliver. 2. Comparing to exemplars — well known noteworthy brands in a category can also be used to specify category membership. 3. Relying on the product descriptor — the product descriptor that follows the brand name is often a concise means of conveying category origin. 5. What five strategies are available to firms in declining industries? Ans:- 1.Increasing the firm's investments. 2. Maintaining the firm's investment level until the uncertainties about the industry are resolved. 3. Decreasing the firm's investment level selectively by dropping unprofitable customer groups and simultaneously strengthening the firm's investment in lucrative niches. 4. Harvesting the firm's investment to recover cash quickly. 5. Divesting the business quickly by disposing of its assets as advantageously as possible. 6. Define and discuss the concepts of points-of-parity (pop) and points-of-difference (pod). Use examples to illustrate your discussion.Ans:-   Points-of-Difference (PODs) are attributes or benefits consumers strongly associate with a brand, positively evaluate, and believe that they could not find to the same extent with a competitive brand. Strong, favourable, and unique brand associations that make up PODs may be based on virtually any type of attribute or benefit. Examples are FedEx (guaranteed overnight delivery), Nike (performance), and Lexus (quality. ) Points-of-Parity (POPs) are associations that are not necessarily unique to the brand but may be shared with other brands. They come in two basic forms: category and competitive.Category POPs are associations consumers view as essential to be a legitimate and credible offering within a certain product or service category. They represent necessary conditions for brand choice. They may change ov er time due to technological advances, legal developments, or consumer trends, but they are the ‘greens fees' to play the marketing game. Competitive POPs are associations designed to negate competitors' PODs. If a brand can ‘break even' in those areas where the competitors are trying to find an advantage and also can achieve advantages in other areas, the brand should be in a strong, and even unbeatable, competitive position.Chapter-13: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. A distinct characteristic of services is _____. Your Answer:| intangibility | 2. Services are typically produced and consumed simultaneously. This is an example of the _____ characteristic of services. Your Answer:| inseparability | 3. Services cannot be stored. This describes the _____ characteristic of services. Your Answer:| perishability | 4. _____ describes employees' skills in serving the client. Your Answer:| Interactive marketing | 5. SSTS refers to _____. Your Answer:| self-service technologi es | 6.Top firms audit service performance by collecting _____ measurements to probe customer satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Your Answer:| voice of the customer | 7. The services a customer expects are called the _____ service package. Your Answer:| primary | 8. Added features to an offering are called _____ service features. Your Answer:| secondary | 9. The intangibility of services has implications for the choice of _____. Your Answer:| brand elements | 10. _____ cost refers to the product's purchase cost plus the discounted cost of maintenance and repair less the discounted salvage value.Your Answer:| Life cycle | 11. According to Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Benny, the most important determinant of service quality is: Your Answer:| Reliability | 12. An offering that consists primarily of a tangible good with no services at all is considered a _____. Your Answer:| pure tangible good | 13. A restaurant is an example of a(n) _____. Your Answer:| hybrid | 14. _____ refers to the willingne ss to help customers and to provide prompt service. Your Answer:| Responsiveness | 15. _____ refers to the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence.Your Answer:| Assurance | 16. _____ refers to the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Your Answer:| Reliability | 17. Mystery shoppers refer to the use of _____. Your Answer:| undercover shoppers | 18. Customers often view a service as fairly homogeneous, caring less about the provider than the price. Service marketers must therefore _____ their services. Your Answer:| differentiate | 19. Marriott is setting up hotel rooms for high-tech travelers who need accommodations that will support computers, fax machines, and e-mail.These are examples of _____ service features. Your Answer:| secondary | 20. _____ extensions often require sub-branding strategies where the corporate name is combined with an individual brand name or modifier. Your Answer:| Vertical | 21. Servi ces such as installations, staff training, maintenance, and repair services and financing are called _____ services. Your Answer:| facilitating | 22. Ritz-Carlton Hotels' legendary service is an example of which one of the following distinct characteristic of service? Your Answer:| Intangibility | Short Questions: 1.What are the five categories of offerings in the product-service mix? Ans:- 1. Pure tangible good – the offering consists primarily of a tangible good, no services accompany the product. 2. Tangible good with accompanying services – the offering consists of a tangible good accompanied by one or more services. 3. Hybrid – the offering consists of equal parts of goods and services. 4. Major service with accompanying minor goods and services – the offering consists of a major service along with additional services or supporting goods. 5. Pure service – the offering consists primarily of a service. . What are the five determinants of servic e quality in order of importance? Ans:- 1. Reliability – the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. 2. Responsiveness – the willingness to help customers and to provide prompt service. 3. Assurance – the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence. 4. Empathy – the provision of caring, individualized attention to customers. 5. Tangibles – the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materials. 3.Holistic marketing for services requires external, internal, and interactive marketing. Define these terms. Ans:-   External marketing describes the normal work of preparing, pricing, distributing, and promoting the service to customers. Internal marketing describes training and motivating employees to serve customers well. Interactive marketing describes the employees' skill in serving the client. Clients judge service not only by its technical quality (e. g. , was the surgery successful? ) but also by its functional quality (e. g. , did the surgeon show concern and inspire confidence? ). Branding: Marketing and Answer Chapter-9: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. _____ is endowing products and services with the power of a brand. Your Answer:| Branding | 2. _____ is the added value endowed to products and services. Your Answer:| Brand equity | 3. ______ are those trademarked devices that serve to identify and differentiate the brand. Your Answer:| Brand elements | 4. _____ marketing is about mixing and matching marketing activities to maximize their individual and collective effects. Your Answer:| Integrating | 5. _____ is consumers' ability to identify the brand under different conditions as reflected by their brand recognition or recall performance.Your Answer:| Brand awareness | 6. _____ occurs when customers experience the company as delivering on its brand promise. Your Answer:| Brand bonding | 7. A _____ is a consumer-focused exercise that involves a series of procedures to assess the health of the brand, uncover its sources of brand equity, and suggest ways to improve and leverage its equi ty. Your Answer:| brand audit | 8. When a firm uses an established brand to introduce a new product it is called a _____. Your Answer:| brand extension | 9. A _____ product is one whose brand name has been licensed to other manufacturers who actually make the product.Your Answer:| licensed | 10. _____ occurs when consumers no longer associate a brand with a specific product or highly similar products and start thinking less about the brand. Your Answer:| Brand dilution | 11. _______is the set of all brands and brand lines which a particular firm offers for sale to buyers in a particular category. Your Answer:| Brand portfolio | 12. _____ measures the degree to which a brand is seen as different from others. Your Answer:| Differentiation | 13. _____ measures the breadth of a brand's appeal. Your Answer:| Relevance | 14.Nike has the distinctive â€Å"swoosh† logo, the â€Å"Just Do It† slogan, and the â€Å"Nike† name based on a mythological goddess. These items a re called _____. Your Answer:| brand elements | 15. Burton, a maker of snowboards, is introducing a new snowboard called â€Å"The Dominator. † This snowboard will be associated and identified with top professional riders. What marketing strategy is Burton using? Your Answer:| leveraging secondary association | 16. The purpose of the _____ is to provide a current, comprehensive profile of how all the products and services sold by a company are marketed and branded. Your Answer:| brand inventory | | 7. A _____ typically employs quantitative measures to provide marketers with current information as to how their brands and marketing programs are performing on the basis of a number of key dimensions. Your Answer:| tracking study| | 18. Nivea, a strong European brand, has expanded its scope from a skin-cream brand to a skin-care and personal-care brand through carefully designed and implemented brand extensions. This is an example of _____. Your Answer:| brand reinforcement | 19. Dannon Yogurt offers several types of new yogurts, Fruit on the Bottom, Natural Flavours, and Fruit Blends to name a few.This is an example of a _____. Your Answer:| line extension | 20. Honda uses the company name to cover different products such as automobiles, motorcycles, snow blowers, and snowmobiles. This is an example of a _____. Your Answer:| category extension | 21. A _____ brand may be kept around despite dwindling sales because they still manage to hold on to a sufficient number of customers and maintain profitability with little or no marketing support. Your Answer:| cash cow | 22. All products marketed by Heinz carry the brand name ‘Heinz'. This is an example of ___________. Your Answer:| blanket family names |Short Questions: Chapter-9: 1. Describe the functions a brand provides for the firm. Ans:Brands simplify product handling or tracking. Brands help to organize inventory and accounting records. Brands also offer the firm legal protection for unique features o r aspects of the product. Finally, brands signal a certain level of quality so that satisfied buyers can easily choose the product again. 2. What are the two basic approaches to measuring brand equity? Ans: The indirect approach assesses potential sources of brand equity by identifying and tracking consumer brand knowledge structures.The direct approach assesses the actual impact of brand knowledge on consumer responses to different aspects of the marketing. 3. From a marketing management perspective, there are three main sets of brand equity drivers. List these factors. Ans: The initial choices for the brand element or identities making up the brand. The way the brand is integrated into the supporting marketing program. The associations indirectly transferred to the brand by linking the brand to some other entity. 4. What are the six criteria used to choose brand elements? Explain each of these.Ans:- 1. Memorable – how easily is the brand element recalled and recognized. 2. Meaningful – to what extent is the brand element credible and suggestive of the corresponding category? 3. Likeability – how aesthetically appealing do consumers find the brand element? 4. Transferable – can the brand element be used to introduce new products in the same or different categories? 5. Adaptable – how adaptable and updatable is the brand element. 6. Protectable – how legally protectable is the brand element? How competitively protectable is it? Can it be copied? 5.Discuss the four general strategies used in choosing a brand name. What are the advantages to each of these strategies? Ans:- ? First, a company can use an individual name strategy. This way the company does not tie its reputation to the product's. If the product fails or appears to have a low quality the company's image is not hurt. ? A second strategy is to use blanket family names. By using this strategy, there is no need for â€Å"name† research or heavy advertisin g to create brand-name recognition; this reduces initial development costs. ? A third strategy is to use separate family names for all products.This works best for companies that produce quite different products and one blanket family name is not desirable. ? Finally, a company can use the corporate name combined with individual product names as a branding strategy. The company name legitimizes and the individual name individualizes the new product. 6. The Marketing Insight – Applying Permission Marketing, presents the practice of permission marketing as an important tool for building customer loyalty. List the five steps which Seth Godin, a pioneer in the technique, has identified as important in creating effective permission marketing.Ans:-   Godin identifies the following 5 steps: Offer the prospect an incentive to volunteer (e. g. , free sample, sales promotion, or contest). Offer the interested prospect a curriculum over time that teaches the consumer about the product or service. Reinforce the incentive to guarantee that the prospect maintains the permission. Offer additional incentives to get more permission from the consumer. Over time, leverage the permission to change consumer behaviour toward profits. Chapter-10: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. ____ is the act of designing the company's offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. Your Answer:| Positioning | 2. Companies can gain a strong competitive advantage through having better-trained people. This is called _____. Your Answer:| personnel differentiation | 3. _____ pass through four stages: distinctiveness, emulation, mass fashion, and decline. Your Answer:| Fashions | 4. In a _____ pattern of the product life cycle, sales grow rapidly when the product is first introduced and then fall to a â€Å"petrified† level.Your Answer:| growth-slump-maturity | 5. The _____ stage is marked by a rapid climb in sales. Your Answer:| growth | 6. During the _____ stage sales slow down creating over-capacity in the industry, which leads to intensified competition. Your Answer:| maturity | 7. During the _____ stage sales and profits decline and some firms withdraw from the market. Your Answer:| decline | 8. _____ calls for gradually reducing a product and business's costs while trying to maintain sales. Your Answer:| Harvesting | 9. If a new product sells well, new firms will enter the market, ushering in a(n) _____ stage.Your Answer:| market-growth | 10. Eventually, when competitors cover and serve all the major market segments the market enters the _____ stage. Your Answer:| maturity | 11. A company may follow the strategies of deletion, harvesting, or contracting in the _______ stage. Your Answer:| decline | 12. Creating the image of a â€Å"delivered pizza† rather than a â€Å"frozen pizza† category for McCain's pizza is an example of _______. Your Answer:| positioning | 13. Attributes or benefits consumers strongl y associate with a brand, such as FedEx-guaranteed overnight delivery-are called _____.Your Answer:| points-of-difference | 14. Associations that are not necessarily unique to the brand are called _____. Your Answer:| points-of-parity | 15. A _____ is a basic and distinctive mode of expression appearing in a field of human endeavour. Your Answer:| style | 16. During the _____ stage prices remain where they are or fall slightly. Your Answer:| growth | 17. The _____ stage divides into three phases: growth, stable, and decaying maturity. Your Answer:| maturity | 18. During the _____ stage product managers try to stimulate sales by modifying other marketing program elements.Your Answer:| maturity | 19. During the _____ stage firms may withdraw from smaller market segments and weaker trade channels. Your Answer:| decline | 20. _____ is used to milk the firm's investments to recover cash quickly in the decline stage. Your Answer:| Harvesting | 21. In a _____ strategy a new product can be designed to meet the preferences of one of the corners of the market. Your Answer:| single-niche | 22. Which of the following is not a key desirability for PODs? Your Answer:| Feasibility | Short Questions: Chapter-10: 1.What are the three key consumer desirability criteria for POD's (points-of-difference)? Ans:- 1. Relevance – target consumers must find the POD personally relevant and important. 2. Distinctiveness – target consumers must find the POD distinctive and superior. 3. Believability – target consumers must find the POD believable and credible. 2. What are the four stages in the Product Life Cycle? Describe what happens at each stage. Ans:- ? In the first stage, introduction, the product experiences slow sales growth as the product is introduced in the market. In the second stage, growth, there is a period of rapid market acceptance and substantial profit improvement. ? In the third stage, maturity, the product experiences a slowdown in sales growth, p rofits stabilize or decline because of increased competition. ? And in the fourth and final stage, decline, sales show a downward drift and profits erode. 3. Companies can gain a strong competitive advantage through better trained people. List some of the characteristics of better-trained personnel, and give some illustrative examples.Ans:-   Competence – they possess the required skill and knowledge Courtesy – they are friendly, respectful, and considerate Credibility – they are trustworthy Reliability – they perform the service consistently and accurately Responsiveness – they respond quickly to customers' requests and problems Communication – they make an effort to understand the customer and communicate clearly Some examples of the above: Singapore Airlines – excellent reputation in large part because of its flight attendants McDonald's people are courteous IBM people are professional Disney people are upbeat. . What are the thr ee main ways to convey a brand's category membership? Ans:- 1. Announcing category benefits — benefits are frequently used to announce category membership to reassure consumers that a brand will deliver. 2. Comparing to exemplars — well known noteworthy brands in a category can also be used to specify category membership. 3. Relying on the product descriptor — the product descriptor that follows the brand name is often a concise means of conveying category origin. 5. What five strategies are available to firms in declining industries? Ans:- 1.Increasing the firm's investments. 2. Maintaining the firm's investment level until the uncertainties about the industry are resolved. 3. Decreasing the firm's investment level selectively by dropping unprofitable customer groups and simultaneously strengthening the firm's investment in lucrative niches. 4. Harvesting the firm's investment to recover cash quickly. 5. Divesting the business quickly by disposing of its assets as advantageously as possible. 6. Define and discuss the concepts of points-of-parity (pop) and points-of-difference (pod). Use examples to illustrate your discussion.Ans:-   Points-of-Difference (PODs) are attributes or benefits consumers strongly associate with a brand, positively evaluate, and believe that they could not find to the same extent with a competitive brand. Strong, favourable, and unique brand associations that make up PODs may be based on virtually any type of attribute or benefit. Examples are FedEx (guaranteed overnight delivery), Nike (performance), and Lexus (quality. ) Points-of-Parity (POPs) are associations that are not necessarily unique to the brand but may be shared with other brands. They come in two basic forms: category and competitive.Category POPs are associations consumers view as essential to be a legitimate and credible offering within a certain product or service category. They represent necessary conditions for brand choice. They may change ov er time due to technological advances, legal developments, or consumer trends, but they are the ‘greens fees' to play the marketing game. Competitive POPs are associations designed to negate competitors' PODs. If a brand can ‘break even' in those areas where the competitors are trying to find an advantage and also can achieve advantages in other areas, the brand should be in a strong, and even unbeatable, competitive position.Chapter-13: MCQ’s and short questions: 1. A distinct characteristic of services is _____. Your Answer:| intangibility | 2. Services are typically produced and consumed simultaneously. This is an example of the _____ characteristic of services. Your Answer:| inseparability | 3. Services cannot be stored. This describes the _____ characteristic of services. Your Answer:| perishability | 4. _____ describes employees' skills in serving the client. Your Answer:| Interactive marketing | 5. SSTS refers to _____. Your Answer:| self-service technologi es | 6.Top firms audit service performance by collecting _____ measurements to probe customer satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Your Answer:| voice of the customer | 7. The services a customer expects are called the _____ service package. Your Answer:| primary | 8. Added features to an offering are called _____ service features. Your Answer:| secondary | 9. The intangibility of services has implications for the choice of _____. Your Answer:| brand elements | 10. _____ cost refers to the product's purchase cost plus the discounted cost of maintenance and repair less the discounted salvage value.Your Answer:| Life cycle | 11. According to Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Benny, the most important determinant of service quality is: Your Answer:| Reliability | 12. An offering that consists primarily of a tangible good with no services at all is considered a _____. Your Answer:| pure tangible good | 13. A restaurant is an example of a(n) _____. Your Answer:| hybrid | 14. _____ refers to the willingne ss to help customers and to provide prompt service. Your Answer:| Responsiveness | 15. _____ refers to the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence.Your Answer:| Assurance | 16. _____ refers to the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Your Answer:| Reliability | 17. Mystery shoppers refer to the use of _____. Your Answer:| undercover shoppers | 18. Customers often view a service as fairly homogeneous, caring less about the provider than the price. Service marketers must therefore _____ their services. Your Answer:| differentiate | 19. Marriott is setting up hotel rooms for high-tech travelers who need accommodations that will support computers, fax machines, and e-mail.These are examples of _____ service features. Your Answer:| secondary | 20. _____ extensions often require sub-branding strategies where the corporate name is combined with an individual brand name or modifier. Your Answer:| Vertical | 21. Servi ces such as installations, staff training, maintenance, and repair services and financing are called _____ services. Your Answer:| facilitating | 22. Ritz-Carlton Hotels' legendary service is an example of which one of the following distinct characteristic of service? Your Answer:| Intangibility | Short Questions: 1.What are the five categories of offerings in the product-service mix? Ans:- 1. Pure tangible good – the offering consists primarily of a tangible good, no services accompany the product. 2. Tangible good with accompanying services – the offering consists of a tangible good accompanied by one or more services. 3. Hybrid – the offering consists of equal parts of goods and services. 4. Major service with accompanying minor goods and services – the offering consists of a major service along with additional services or supporting goods. 5. Pure service – the offering consists primarily of a service. . What are the five determinants of servic e quality in order of importance? Ans:- 1. Reliability – the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. 2. Responsiveness – the willingness to help customers and to provide prompt service. 3. Assurance – the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence. 4. Empathy – the provision of caring, individualized attention to customers. 5. Tangibles – the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materials. 3.Holistic marketing for services requires external, internal, and interactive marketing. Define these terms. Ans:-   External marketing describes the normal work of preparing, pricing, distributing, and promoting the service to customers. Internal marketing describes training and motivating employees to serve customers well. Interactive marketing describes the employees' skill in serving the client. Clients judge service not only by its technical quality (e. g. , was the surgery successful? ) but also by its functional quality (e. g. , did the surgeon show concern and inspire confidence? ).